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| __TOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[:Category:Coding Tips]] |
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| = Shortcut to document.getElementById =
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| function $(id) {
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| return document.getElementById(id);
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| $("header").innerHTML = "Halloa!";
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| = XPath helper =
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| Run a particular [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Introduction_to_using_XPath_in_JavaScript XPath expression] <code>p</code> against the context node <code>context</code> (or the document, if not provided).
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| Returns the results as an array.
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| function $x(p, context) {
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| if (!context) context = document;
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| var i, arr = [], xpr = document.evaluate(p, context, null, XPathResult.UNORDERED_NODE_SNAPSHOT_TYPE, null);
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| for (i = 0; item = xpr.snapshotItem(i); i++) arr.push(item);
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| return arr;
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| }
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| Example usage (with [[Coding_tips#array.forEach|Array.forEach]]):
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| var paragraphs = $x("//p");
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| paragraphs.forEach(function(paragraph) { // Loop over every paragraph
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| paragraph.innerHTML = "Halloa!";
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| });
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| '''Note:''' when you specify a context node, you need to use a relative XPath expression. Relative XPath expressions do not start with a slash. Start them with a period, e.g. <code>.//a</code>, or an axis, e.g. <code>descendant::a</code>.
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| = Conditional logging =
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| Used to easily toggle sending debug messages to the console. Passes all arguments on to [[console.log]], but only if <code>console</code> is defined (for backward compatibility) and <code>DEBUG</code> is <code>true</code>.
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| Code and example usage:
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| const DEBUG = true;
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|
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| var links = document.links;
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| debug("Links: %o", links);
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|
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| function debug() {
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| if (DEBUG && console) {
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| console.log.apply(this, arguments);
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| }
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| }
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| = DOM node manipulation =
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| == Use .innerHTML to create DOM structure ==
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| The non W3 standard setter function [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM:element.innerHTML <code>.innerHTML</code>] can be used to concisely create DOM structure in trivial userscripts. The following is a complete branding script to show that Greasemonkey has run on a host.
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| host = document.location.host;
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| dummyDiv = document.createElement('div');
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| dummyDiv.innerHTML = '<div><span style="color: red">Greased: ' + host + '</span></div>';
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| document.body.insertBefore(dummyDiv.firstChild, document.body.firstChild);
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| Note above that <code>dummyDiv</code> is only needed as a holder for its <code>.firstChild</code>.
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| Here is a helper function that reuses the <code>dummyDiv</code>:
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| function firstNodeOf(html){
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| firstNodeOf.dummyDiv.innerHTML = html;
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| return firstNodeOf.dummyDiv.firstChild;
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| }
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| firstNodeOf.dummyDiv = documentCreateElement('div');
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| With this helper, one can write the following trivial script:
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| document.body.appendChild(firstNodeOf('<div><span style="color: red">END OF PAGE</span></div>');
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| '''STRONGLY NOTE:''' <code>.innerHTML</code> seems to be sensitive to <code>document.contentType</code>. When the type is <code>text/plain</code> the <code>.innerHTML</code> setter does not parse its argument into DOM nodes, but instead returns #text nodes. The setter seems to work fine for types such as <code>text/html</code> or <code>application/xhtml+xml</code> but where and how it works is undocumented.
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| '''Advantages:''' Concise and and probably more efficient than any hand coded approach.
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| '''Disadvantages:''' Other than the <code>text/plain</code> probem, <code>.innerHTML</code> is not a W3 standard and many people don't like non-standard code.
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| '''Upshot:''' Until [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/E4X ECMAScript for XML (E4X)] becomes availble in user scripts, this is a useful hack for non <code>text/plain</code> pages.
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| === Notes ===
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| * <code>.innerHTML</code> [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM:element.innerHTML#Notes cannot be used to create parts of a <code>TABLE</code>]. E.g.
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| tab = firstNodeOf('<table><tr><td> ... </td></tr></table>'); // WORKS
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| tr = firstNodeOf('<tr><td> ... </td></tr>'); // DOESN'T WORK
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| td = firstNodeOf('<td> ... </td>'); // DOESN'T WORK
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| td.innerHTML = ' ... '; // WORKS
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| So, if a script builds a table from a HTML string, it has to be done as a whole rather than in parts.
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| == Build a DOM node with attributes ==
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| Creates a new DOM node with the given attributes.
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| function createElement(type, attributes){
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| var node = document.createElement(type);
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| for (var attr in attributes){
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| node.setAttribute(attr, attributes[attr]);
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| }
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| return node;
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| link = createElement('link', {rel: 'stylesheet', type: 'text/css', href: basedir + 'style.css'});
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| == Remove DOM node ==
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| function remove(element) {
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| element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
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| }
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| == Insert node after node ==
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| function insertAfter(newNode, node) {
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| return node.parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, node.nextSibling);
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| }
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| This works because even if <code>node</code> is the last node, <code>nextSibling</code> returns <code>null</code> so <code>insertBefore</code> puts the new node at the end.
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| Example usage:
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| var link = document.getElementById("the_link");
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| var icon = document.createElement("img");
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| icon.src = "…";
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| insertAfter(icon, link);
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| == Hijacking browser properties ==
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| Sometimes you want to cook your own browser constants, for instance change the value of navigator.userAgent. Getters are good for that:
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| var real = window.navigator.userAgent;
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| var lie = function() { return real + " Macintosh"; };
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| unsafeWindow.navigator.__defineGetter__("userAgent", lie);
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| == Extending the DOM with missing functions ==
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| Other times you might want to emulate proprietary functionality of another browser, for instance when a site uses such features:
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| var getter = function() { return this.textContent; };
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| var setter = function(t) { return this.textContent = t; };
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| unsafeWindow.HTMLElement.prototype.__defineGetter__("innerText", getter);
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| unsafeWindow.HTMLElement.prototype.__defineSetter__("innerText", setter);
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| == Advanced createElement for creating hierarchies of elements ==
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| Creates an element with attributes as well as child elements with their own attributes and children. Function should be called with arguments in the form of the following hash (note that "child1", "child2" should be hashes of the same structure):
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| createEl({n: nodename, a: {attr1: val, attr2: val}, c: [child1, child2], evl: {type: eventlistener_type, f: eventlistener_function, bubble: bool}}, appendTo)
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| function createEl(elObj, parent) {
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| var el;
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| if (typeof elObj == 'string') {
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| el = document.createTextNode(elObj);
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| }
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| else {
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| el = document.createElement(elObj.n);
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| if (elObj.a) {
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| attributes = elObj.a;
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| for (var key in attributes) {
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| if (key.charAt(0) == '@')
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| el.setAttribute(key.substring(1), attributes[key]);
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| else
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| el[key] = attributes[key];
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| }
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| }
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| if (elObj.evl) {
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| el.addEventListener(elObj.evl.type, elObj.evl.f, elObj.evl.bubble);
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| }
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| if (elObj.c) {
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| elObj.c.forEach(function (v, i, a) { createEl(v, el); });
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| }
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| }
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| if (parent)
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| parent.appendChild(el);
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| return el;
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| createEl({n: 'ol', a: {'@class': 'some_list', '@id': 'my_list'}, c: [
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| {n: 'li', a: {textContent: 'first point'}, evl: {type: 'click', f: function() {alert('first point');}, bubble: true}},
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| {n: 'li', a: {textContent: 'second point'}},
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| {n: 'li', a: {textContent: 'third point'}}
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| ]}, document.body);
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| = GET an URL with callback function =
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| Retrieves <code>url</code> using HTTP GET, then calls the function <code>cb</code> with the response text as its single argument.
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| function get(url, cb) {
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| GM_xmlhttpRequest({
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| method: "GET",
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| url: url,
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| onload: function(xhr) { cb(xhr.responseText); }
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| });
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| function inform(text) {
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| alert("The HTML of the page: " + text);
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| }
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|
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| get("http://www.google.com", inform);
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| = RegExp escape string =
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| Escapes regexp meta characters in a string.
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| function escapeRegexp(s) {
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| return s.replace(/([.*+?^${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| var re = new RegExp("^" + escapeRegexp("fo*bar") + "$");
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| "fo*bar".match(re); // Matches
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| "foobar".match(re); // Doesn't match
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| = !important Style =
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| Appends !important to each rule then adds the CSS to the page letting you override the default formatting.
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| function addStyle(css) {
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| GM_addStyle(css.replace(/;/g,' !important;'));
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| addStyle('a {text-decoration:none;}');
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| = Make menu toggle =
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| A common pattern is to [[GM_registerMenuCommand|register a menu command]] that toggles some script variable that is persisted using [[GM_getValue|GM_get]]/[[GM_setValue|setValue]]. This function abstracts that functionality.
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| function makeMenuToggle(key, defaultValue, toggleOn, toggleOff, prefix) {
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| // Load current value into variable
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| window[key] = GM_getValue(key, defaultValue);
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| // Add menu toggle
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| GM_registerMenuCommand((prefix ? prefix+": " : "") + (window[key] ? toggleOff : toggleOn), function() {
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| GM_setValue(key, !window[key]);
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| location.reload();
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| });
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| }
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| The first argument is the key used with GM_get/setValue and is also the variable which will hold the current value. The second argument is the default value.
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| The third and fourth arguments are the text to be displayed in the menu for toggling on and toggling off, respectively. The fifth argument is an optional prefix for those menu items.
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| Only one menu command is added, that will toggle the option.
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| Example usage:
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| makeMenuToggle("linkify_emails", true, "Include e-mail addresses", "Exclude e-mail addresses", "Linkify");
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|
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| if (linkify_emails)
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| process_emails_too();
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| '''Note''' that after changing the value, the page is reloaded so that the script runs again with the changed options, and to update the menu. This is not recommended if the user might have unsaved input on the page in question. In such a case, consider adding a <code>prompt</code> or re-running some method instead. Since menu items can't be edited/removed without reloading the page, one would likely also want two separate menu items instead of a toggle.
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| = Serialize/deserialize for GM_getValue =
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| Used to store and retrieve multiple values (typically as a serialized hash) in a single [[GM_getValue]] slot.
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| function deserialize(name, def) {
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| return eval(GM_getValue(name, (def || '({})')));
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| }
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|
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| function serialize(name, val) {
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| GM_setValue(name, uneval(val));
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| var settings = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3};
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| serialize('test', settings);
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| var _settings = deserialize('test');
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| // now "settings == _settings" should be true
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| = make an array persistent in globalStorage =
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| [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM:Storage DOM:Storage] is available in Firefox 2.0 and up.
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| /**
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| Makes an given Array persistent in the globalStorage Object. It will not work
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| with arrays that get additional mutator functions after it was made persistent.
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|
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| @param {String} name - name of the property of this that is the Array
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| @param {String} domain - domain parameter of globalStorage
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| @param {Array{String, String, ...}} add_mutator - additional non standard (Javascript 1.7) functions
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| */
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| function makeArrayPersistent(_name, _domain, _add_mutator){
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| //workaround for scripts that work on pages stored on file://
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| var domain = _domain || ".localdomain";
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|
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| //if the array is not defined yet we define it and fill it
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| //with values stored in globalStorage
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| if(!this[_name]){
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| var evalStr = String(globalStorage[domain][_name]);
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| this[_name] = eval(evalStr);
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| //if it is defined allready we store it in globalStorage
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| }else{
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| globalStorage[domain][_name] = uneval(this[_name]);
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| }
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|
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| //Watch will intercept asignments to this[_name] and store the new array in
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| //globalStorage. The original array in globalStorage is discarded.
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| this.watch(_name, function(_prop, _oldVal, _newVal){
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| globalStorage[domain][_name] = uneval(_newVal);
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| return _newVal;
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| });
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|
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| //see a few lines below
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| ["push", "pop", "reverse", "shift", "sort", "splice", "unshift"].forEach(function(_f){
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| makeMutatorFunctionGlobal(_f);
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| });
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|
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| //you can supply additional functions that will be wrapped
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| if(_add_mutator)
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| _add_mutator.forEach(function(_f){
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| makeMutatorFunctionGlobal(_f);
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| });
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|
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| //member functions that alter the array itself are wrapped. The wrapper will
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| //call the mutator function and store the altered array in globalStorage
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| function makeMutatorFunctionGlobal(_f){
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| this[_name][_f] = function(){
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| var f = this[_name][_f];
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| return function(){
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| var retVal;
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| retVal = f.apply(this, arguments);
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| globalStorage[domain].trolls = uneval(this);
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| return retVal;
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| }
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| }();
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| }
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| }
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| == Example Usage ==
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| We create an array in window.
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| var a = [1,4,3,2];
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| The following would not work:
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| function baz(){
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| var b;
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| makeArrayPersistent("b", "somewhere.org");
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| }
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| We cant keep track of variables that that are not kept track of by Javascript itself.
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| makeArrayPersistent("a", "somewhere.org");
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| We have to supply the variables name due to watch. this["a"] equals this.a in our case. If you want to store an object in a different scope you can use makeArrayPersistent.call(some.object, "a", "somewhere.org"); . The domain has to match the domain of the site where your script is injected too. Read up on globalObject for details.
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| this.a.push(5);
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| Now a equals [1,4,3,2,5]. It is stored in globalObject that way.
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| this.a.sort();
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| And now it's [1,2,3,4,5], stored again.
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| delete this.a;
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| Now the array does not exist in this anymore. But it is kept in globalObject. In the next line a will be defined in this and filled from globalObject.
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| makeArrayPersistent("a", "dexhome.homelinux.org");
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| And this.a equals [1,2,3,4,5] again.
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| If the user of your script got the same page open in two tabs the two scripts will start to fight over globalStorage and you will lose data. You have to alter makeMutatorFunctionGlobal with some meaningfull logic to counter this. The idea is to retrieve the array from globalStorage, combine it with the local copy and run the wrapped mutator function. Afterward it's stored in globalStorage again.
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| =Waiting for something=
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| Sometimes a script has to wait for some AJAX to finish before it can run this lets you do that
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| function wait(c,f){
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| if (c()) f()
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| else window.setTimeout(function (){wait(c,f)},300,false);
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| }
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| Example usage:
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| wait(
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| function(){return count==0},
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| function(){alert('allfound')}
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| );
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| = Add commas to numbers=
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| Numbers look more readable with commas, the following RegExp will add them to every integer in a string.
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| It has issues with decimals though.
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| s.replace(/(\d)(?=(\d{3})+\b)/g,'$1,')
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| Examples:
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| "1234 -12345 -1.1234 1.234 -12345678.1234465 12345678".replace(/(\d)(?=(\d{3})+\b)/g,'$1,');
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| //gives: "1,234 -12,345 -1.1,234 1.234 -12,345,678.1,234,465 12,345,678"
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