UnsafeWindow: Difference between revisions

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{{lowercase}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:unsafeWindow}}
{{Greasemonkey Manual TOC}}
{{security}}
{{security}}
__NOTOC__


== Description ==
== Description ==


This [[API_reference|API]] object allows a [[User script]] to access "custom" properties--variable and functions defined in the page--set by the web page. The unsafeWindow object is shorthand for <code>window.wrappedJSObject</code>. It is the raw window object inside the XPCNativeWrapper provided by the Greasemonkey [[sandbox]].
This object allows a [[User script]] to access "custom" properties set by the web page.
The user script is otherwise isolated from these properties.


:*'''USE OF UNSAFEWINDOW IS INSECURE, AND IT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WHENEVER POSSIBLE.'''
:*'''USE OF UNSAFEWINDOW IS INSECURE, AND IT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WHENEVER POSSIBLE.'''


unsafeWindow bypasses [[Greasemonkey]]'s [[XPCNativeWrapper]]-based [[security]] model, which exists to make sure that malicious web pages cannot alter objects in such a way as to make greasemonkey scripts (which execute with more privileges than ordinary Javascript running in a web page) do things that their authors or users did not intend. User scripts should therefore avoid calling or in any other way depending on any properties on unsafeWindow - especally if if they are executed for arbitrary web pages, such as those with <code>@[[Include and exclude rules|include]] *</code>, where the page authors may have subverted the environment in this way.
unsafeWindow bypasses [[Greasemonkey]]'s security model, which exists to make sure that malicious web pages cannot alter objects in such a way as to make user scripts (which execute with more privileges than ordinary JavaScript running in a web page) do things that their authors or users did not intend.
User scripts should therefore avoid calling or in any other way depending on any properties on unsafeWindow - especially if they are executed for arbitrary web pages, such as those with <code>@[[Include and exclude rules|include]] *</code>.


[[User script]] authors are '''strongly''' encouraged to learn how [[XPCNativeWrapper]]s work, and how to perform the desired function within their security context, instead of using unsafeWindow to break out.
== Examples ==
 
[[#Examples|Examples]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|Alternatives to unsafeWindow]] | [[#Notes|Notes]]
 
== Syntax ==


'''unsafeWindow'''
<pre class='sample-bad'>
 
:Value: Object
:Returns: Variant
:Compatibility: [[Version_history#0.5_beta|Greasemonkey 0.5b+]]
 
[[#top|top]]
 
== Examples ==
<code><pre>
unsafeWindow.SomeVarInPage = "Testing";
unsafeWindow.SomeVarInPage = "Testing";
</pre></code>
</pre>


<code><pre>
<pre class='sample-bad'>
unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage("Test");
unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage("Test");
</pre></code>
</pre>


<code><pre>
<pre class='sample-bad'>
var oldFunction = unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage;
var oldFunction = unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage;
unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage = function(text) {
unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage = function(text) {
   alert("Hijacked! Argument was " + text + ".");
   alert('Hijacked! Argument was ' + text + '.');
   return oldFunction(text);
   return oldFunction(text);
};
};
</pre></code>
</pre>
 
:For issues with [[GM_getValue]], [[GM_setValue]] and [[GM_xmlhttpRequest]], see see [[0.7.20080121.0_compatibility]].
 
<code><pre>
window.addEventListener(
  "DOMTitleChanged",
  function() {
    var redirectURL = window.name;
  },
  false
);
 
var sGetter = document.createElement("script");
sGetter.type = "text/javascript";
sGetter.innerHTML =
  "function uXHR(url) {" +
  "  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();" +
  "  xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { " +
  "    if (xhr.status == 301 || xhr.status == 302) {" +
  "      window.name = xhr.getResponseHeader('Location');" +
  "      document.title = document.title;" +
  "    }" +
  "  };" +
  "  xhr.open('HEAD', url, true);" +
  "  xhr.send(null);" +
  "}";
 
document.body.appendChild(sGetter);
 
unsafeWindow.uXHR(url);
 
</pre></code>
 
[[#top|top]]


== Alternatives to unsafeWindow ==
== Alternatives to unsafeWindow ==


[[#Events|Events]] | [[#Functions_defined_in_the_page|Functions defined in the page]] | [[#Attach_script_to_page | Attach script to page]]
''Sometimes'', you just can't get around using unsafeWindow.
 
Most of the time, however, you can!
=== Events ===
See [[:Category:Coding Tips:Interacting With The Page]] for details on various methods to interact with the page that do '''not''' use unsafeWindow.
 
Event listeners never need to be created on unsafeWindow. Rather than using
{{Bad example|1=<pre style="border: none; margin: inherit;">unsafeWindow.onclick = function(event) { /* some code */ };</pre>}}
use:
{{Good example|1=<pre style="border: none; margin: inherit;">window.addEventListener("click", function(event) { /* some code */ }, false);</pre>}}
 
See also [http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/DOM:element.addEventListener addEventListener at MDC]
 
[[#top|top]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|back]]
 
=== Functions defined in the page ===
 
If a user script must execute a page function, it can use the '''[[location hack]]''' to call it safely. This involves setting location.href to a <code>javascript:</code> URL, which is like using a bookmarklet. For example:
 
<code><pre>location.href = "javascript:void(pageFunc(123));";</pre></code>
 
Larger blocks of code independent of the Greasemonkey context/APIs can also be executed this way:
 
<code><pre>location.href = "javascript:(" + encodeURI(uneval(function() { /* some code */ })) + ")();";</pre></code>
 
This code will run in the page context without leaking the [[sandbox]]. This code is completely separate from the rest of the script scope, sometimes limiting its usefulness. For example, data cannot be returned by the function.
 
Another drawback is that this technique is rather ugly. Still, it is preferred over unsafeWindow.
 
[[#top|top]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|back]]
 
=== Attach script to page ===
 
==== Attach Method 1 ====
<code><pre>
function myScript() {
  for (var x in document) {
    // some code with x
  }
  // some code
}
 
// attach script to page; script can therefore reference variables on the page, but likewise
// cannot use Greasemonkey API methods
 
document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).innerHTML="(" + myScript + ")()";
</pre></code>
 
[[#top|top]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|back]]
 
==== Attach Method 2 ====
Place this code at the very beginning of the script to inject the entire script into the page using the location hack. Like Attach Method 1, this will give the script access to variables on the page, but not access to Greasemonkey API methods.
{{Fair example|<nowiki>if (typeof window.wrappedJSObject == "object") {
  location.href = "javascript:(" + encodeURI(arguments.callee.toSource()) + ")();";
  return;
}
</nowiki>}}
'''Be very careful when using the wrappedJSObject property. It is just as dangerous as unsafeWindow is.'''
 
[[#top|top]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|back]]
 
==== Attach Method 3 ====
This way is interesting for those who want:
* execute the init() function NOT in GM address space
* inject multiple css hacks
* inject multiple .js files (even from different domains)
 
{{Fair example|<nowiki>/* Filename: hello-world.user.js */
 
inject_css();
/*
  Define single/multiple script(s) to inject
    NOTES:
      - Schemes of file:// type, absolute or implied, are not supported with this method due to
        browser security restrictions.
      - Schemes of http:// or https:// must be present
 
      - This method currently works only on Windows but NOT Linux NOR OS X
        See pitfall 1 below
*/
 
var scripts = [
  "http://localhost:8080/hello-injecting.js",
  "http://www.example.com/inject-this-script1.js",
  "http://www.example.com/inject-this-script2.js"
];
 
var script;
for (i in scripts) {
  script = document.createElement("script");
  script.src = scripts[i];
  script.type = "text/javascript";
 
  document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
}
 
window.addEventListener(
  "load",
  function(event) {
    location.href = "javascript:void(init());";
  },
  false
);
function inject_css() {
  document.title += ' dynamically modified version';
  GM_addStyle("body { color:white; background-color:black } img { border:0 }");
}</nowiki>}}
 
{{Fair example|<nowiki>/*
  Filename: http://localhost:8080/hello-injecting.js
              or
            http://www.example.com/hello-injecting.js
*/
 
function init() {
  alert('Hello, world!');
}</nowiki>}}
 
[[#top|top]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|back]]
 
===== Attach Method 3 Pitfall 1 =====
:The method of hosting hello-injecting.js on a local and remote web server was tested on:
::Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686 (x86_64); en-US; rv:1.9.0.6) Gecko/2009011912 Firefox/3.0.6
::Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686 (x86_64); en-US; rv:1.9.0.7) Gecko/2009021906 Firefox/3.0.7
 
::and ''returned Component failure code'' with the following error:
 
:::Error: Component returned failure code: 0x805e000a [nsIDOMLocation.href] = <unknown>
:::Source file: file://~/.mozilla/firefox/{randomseed}.default/extensions/{class-id}/components/greasemonkey.js
:::Line: 377
 
::Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686 (x86_64); en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko/2009032608 Firefox/3.0.8
::Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.5; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko/2009032608 Firefox/3.0.8
::and ''failed to execute init()'' with the following error:
 
:::Error: init is not defined
:::Source file: javascript:void(init());
:::Line: 1
 
[[#top|top]] | [[#Alternatives_to_unsafeWindow|back]]
 
== Notes ==
[[#top|top]]


[[Category:API_Reference|U]]  
[[Category:API_Reference|U]]  
[[Category:Scripting context]]
[[Category:Scripting context]]
[[Category:Security]]
[[Category:Security]]

Latest revision as of 14:15, 11 March 2023

This command can open certain security holes in your user script, and it is recommended to use this command sparingly.

Please be sure to read the entire article and understand it before using it in a script.


Description

This object allows a User script to access "custom" properties set by the web page. The user script is otherwise isolated from these properties.

  • USE OF UNSAFEWINDOW IS INSECURE, AND IT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WHENEVER POSSIBLE.

unsafeWindow bypasses Greasemonkey's security model, which exists to make sure that malicious web pages cannot alter objects in such a way as to make user scripts (which execute with more privileges than ordinary JavaScript running in a web page) do things that their authors or users did not intend. User scripts should therefore avoid calling or in any other way depending on any properties on unsafeWindow - especially if they are executed for arbitrary web pages, such as those with @include *.

Examples

unsafeWindow.SomeVarInPage = "Testing";

unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage("Test");

var oldFunction = unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage;
unsafeWindow.SomeFunctionInPage = function(text) {
  alert('Hijacked! Argument was ' + text + '.');
  return oldFunction(text);
};

Alternatives to unsafeWindow

Sometimes, you just can't get around using unsafeWindow. Most of the time, however, you can! See Category:Coding Tips:Interacting With The Page for details on various methods to interact with the page that do not use unsafeWindow.

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